Preventing spread the spread of African swine fever (ASF) requires a combination of measures focused on wild boar and domestic pigs, according to the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA).
In a new report that focused on five epidemiological aspects of ASF, EFSA also explores the potential role played by insects in its spread over large parts of Europe, much of it via wild boar.
Fences
Fences, when combined with culling, carcase removal, and existing road infrastructure, can help control ASF in wild boar.
However, their success depends on timely implementation, adaptability to changing epidemiological situations, and regular maintenance. Natural barriers like large rivers or urban areas can also limit wild boar movement, the report concluded,
But it also stresses that fences need to be used alongside other measures for maximum effectiveness.
Wild Boar Density
Although wild boar density is a relevant factor, the analysis did not find a clear and consistent effect.
Other factors such as habitat, climate, and potential barriers also play a role in the virus’s spread, but more data is needed for a comprehensive understanding.
Immunocontraception
EFSA’s experts looked at using immunocontraception to reduce wild boar populations. They found that more research is needed to develop a safe and effective oral vaccine, and that such efforts should consider long-term environmental impacts among other aspects.
Insect Vectors
The analysis also highlights the potential role of insects in spreading the virus, but emphasises the need for further research in this area.
The report explored the role of ticks and insects as potential virus carriers. While ticks have not been responsible for spreading the virus in the EU over the past decade, the role of biting flies remains uncertain and requires further investigation.
Domestic Pigs
For domestic pigs, strict biosecurity measures and certain management practices are crucial to prevent the virus’s introduction on farms.
This includes safe storage of bedding material, using insect nets, and avoiding the spread of manure from nearby farms, especially in areas where ASF is circulating.
- You can read the full report HERE